1. Background/context
The Charity awarded Lambeth Community Health (LCH) £20,000 to undertake a scoping study and set up a Telehealth Board with representatives from health and social care to explore priorities for telehealth. We launched a Telepathways board in June – its name underlining our wish to emphasise service transformation supported by assistive technology (AT) and clinical innovation.
The bid for further work is as a result of focused progress to date on telepathways and the potential for integration. The aim is to support the leadership of a sustainable whole systems approach to telehealth and telemedicine and this is ground breaking. This work is aligned with NHS Lambeth’s Strategic Plan and LCH’s 5 year Business and Transformation Plan both of which highlight moving care out of hospital and anticipates the development of telehealth to enable this.
What is Assistive Technology?
Assistive technology (AT) has been described by the Kings Fund Whole Systems Demonstrator (WSD) Action Network 2010 as, ‘A range of electronic and assistive technologies generally known as telehealth, telemedicine and telecare used to support people at home and maintain independence. It will include telephone-based disease management approaches and newer developments (e.g. pervasive sensors, wearable devices). There are over 2000 devices in the Telecare National Framework catalogue and new products are coming onto the market daily. The technology is very important, but the assessment, monitoring and response arrangements are vital to cost-effective services’.[i]
- Telehealth enables patients and clinicians to monitor vital signs and is especially useful for patients with long term conditions in their own home such as – diabetes, heart failure and/ or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is increasing confidence that AT can reduce hospital admissions for these patients.
- Telemedicine enables clinician to patient or clinician to clinician remote consultation. It is thought to have potential for continuing professional development of clinical teams.
- Telecare is a range of emergency response systems managed by social services with the aim of enabling vulnerable people to live in their own homes for as long as possible.
.
Our literature search[ii], visits to exemplar sites such as Newham Whole System Demonstrator (WSD), the Docobo reference group[iii] and information on the Leicester[iv], Norfolk[v], Wiltshire[vi], Birmingham[vii], Stoke on Trent [viii]initiatives and the Blackpool telehealth pilot [ix] show the potential of AT initiatives in relation to specific conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and heart failure but that the systematic care transformation potential has not been fully realised.[x] Health and social care, acute/ community/primary care are not joined up and most telehealth initiatives are small scale, or pilots. The most extensive trial is the WSD demonstrator project currently being evaluated. The Scottish Centre of Telehealth is focusing on telehealth and telemedicine in relation to key conditions including COPD, stroke, paediatrics and mental health. [xi]It is clear from the experience of the Veterans Administration service transformation in the USA [xii] that AT can support whole scale service transformation and integration and that is the driver for our current application.
1.1. What is the position nationally and in Lambeth and Southwark?
Telecare is well established as an emergency response system. Lambeth (and Southwark) already use telecare to enable people to live safely in their homes, including those with dementia.[xiii] It also benefits sheltered housing residents. [xiv]
Telehealth is less well developed and implementation is not universal. The Department of Health WSD Project in Newham, Kent and Cornwall is reviewing telehealth and telecare, but not telemedicine.[xv] There is an increasing number of competing UK suppliers and larger telecoms companies entering the market. [xvi]There is no systematic use of telehealth in Lambeth (or Southwark) though the Sandmere Road GP practice ran a pilot a few years ago. There are a number of sites where text messaging is being used to prompt patients to act on health messages, for example for diabetes patients to check blood sugar levels or to give patients test results, for example in sexual health.[xvii]
Telemedicine is being used in a number of instances e.g. to assist in diagnosing stroke at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. This is also a priority for the Scottish Centre for Telehealth.[xviii] Acute colleagues have expressed interest in telemedicine in other areas (see 1.2. below) and see potential for improving continuing professional development for clinical teams across acute and primary care. Commissioners and partners in the acute sector have expressed particular interest in implementing telemedicine to support more out of hospital care.
1.2.What our scoping study achieved (May to September 2010)
We have raised the profile and understanding of the potential for AT to improve care with Kings and Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trusts, the End of Life and Diabetes modernisation initiatives, the GP commissioning collaborative, NHS Lambeth, Lambeth council and other key stakeholders to achieve transformational change, securing partner engagement and commitment to work with us in the next phase. We launched the Telepathways Board in June 2010 and established a clinical reference group to agree initial priorities for telehealth. Gill Baker chairs the LCH patient involvement and partnership forum which strongly supports our initiatives. We have viewed the main suppliers’ equipment (Docobo, Tunstall and Phillips). Our visits include the Newham Whole System Demonstrator (WSD) project and Scottish Centre for Telehealth which are exemplar models of care and Building Research Establishment Willmott Dixon health campus. We have established an intranet website for telepathways locally.
Gill Baker attends the council’s Assistive Technology Fast Track Steering Group to explore the potential of integrating telehealth and telecare locally. We are working with the End of Life Care and Diabetes Modernisation Initiatives which identified Telehealth /Telemedicine as priorities and will ensure there is no duplication of effort. LCH has submitted an expression of interest to the British Heart Foundation to provide one of eight national sites for developing telepathways and if successful this would extend our AT trial. We are members of both the Hospital at Home work stream (part of the integration process between Lambeth and Southwark community services and GSTT) and the Out of hospital programme board, both of whom have identified Telehealth in their objectives.
Following discussions at the Telepathways board in June and the Telepathways Clinical Reference Group in September 2010 we have identified a number of clinical areas where there could be substantial benefits from using AT locally:
- Heart failure, COPD, Diabetes, Cancer, End of life care.
With further innovation using Telehealth/ Telemedicine or texting for:
- Out of Hours (SELDOC, LAS, Primary and Community care)
- Pathology
- Mental health, including dementia
- Sexual health
2. What we want to do
Our ambition is to achieve maximum benefit for the local population in terms of access to AT, increased self management of health, improved quality of care and patient experience. Benefits for the local health economy will be smarter, leaner, more productive services with reduced outpatient appointments and admissions.
We will engage patients and staff with the AT available and consult with them to test the priorities listed in 1.2 to ensure the benefit for the local population and staff. We will arrange events to develop an agreed set of priorities and will use this as a forum to test AT devices. We will appoint a team including patients to do a more in-depth exploratory study and the expertise we need is included in section 3. The GP commissioning collaborative is fully engaged and strongly supports our work.
We will develop the telepathways partnership to investigate innovative uses of AT as part of a whole systems approach to service change and improvements in patient care. This will include a trial implementation of telehealth technology new to Lambeth. This is essential as it is a means to building clinical and managerial confidence in telesystems and it will build a platform from which to develop more innovative approaches. This will report to the Telepathways Board.
We will identify how to transform and integrate services in Lambeth (and later in Southwark) using AT to provide a better service for patients and more efficient use of resources. We have developed strong partnerships for this work and consulted widely. There has been a very positive response to our plans which provides an excellent foundation for the next stage. Further study is needed for three reasons:
- There are a number of innovations/ways of transforming care pathways which need to be further reviewed in order to establish which would offer best value to patients and clinicians in the different clinical areas. This is particularly important in relation to being able to reduce hospital admissions/re-admissions.
- Health and social care is undergoing significant change (Liberating the NHS, July 2010) with GP commissioners. There is commitment to transfer more acute care into the community and for patients to take greater responsibility for their own health.
- Technology is changing rapidly with new players entering the market. We need to understand the way the market and technology are developing in order to make wise investment decisions.
3. Implementation
The next stage will be led by the Telepathways Board, supported by a Project Director, project manager, patients, an economic analyst and IT specialist. We will work with academic departments.
Governance arrangements
GPs, the GP commissioning collaborative, the acute sector (KCH and GST), Lambeth and Southwark councils, Lambeth Community Health and NHS Lambeth are represented on the Telepathways Board. It will receive regular updates from the Clinical Reference Group and IT work streams. We are working with patients through the Patient Involvement and Partnership Working Group and other focus groups. We aim to ensure effective communication through regular discussion and input to the project.
Outline project plan
More detail is supplied in Question 12 of the application form
Stage 1 November to January 2011
– Establish scope of collaboration with Diabetes and End of Life Care modernisation initiatives.
– Selection of conditions; criteria for selecting patients; planning and initial implementation of trial
– Create long list of consultants for economic evaluation framework
– Commence exploration of AT expert input
Stage 2 – February to April 2011
–Confirm appointment of agency to develop economic evaluation
Explore and confirm other areas for implementation of AT solutions and their potential locally
-Trial implementation phase in key conditions
-Confirm appointment of AT expertise input
Stage 3 –May to July 2011
-Final report to Telepathways board with recommendations
– Application for a major grant, subject to commissioner support and a strong evaluation report
4. The Evidence base
The main sources of evidence we have reviewed are from England, Scotland[xix] and the United States. There are a number of small pilots and trials in the UK many of which show enhanced patient experience and cost avoidance. NHS North Yorkshire and York recently decided to purchase 2000 telehealth units primarily for patients with COPD, diabetes and heart failure, following a successful trial, which will make this the largest single telehealth project. [xx]The major DoH randomized control study of 6,000 patients in three sites, Cornwall, Kent and Newham has reported positive findings in the WSD Action Network and is currently being evaluated.[xxi] In the USA the Veterans Administration redesigned treatment from a hospital based model to primary and outpatient care[xxii] and reductions in hospitalizations have been by other US healthcare providers through telehealth. [xxiii]
5. How patients and/or staff will benefit
Improving services for patients and streamlining care to benefit patients and staff are at the core of this work. AT puts the patient in charge and encourages self management. There is strong evidence from pilots of patient satisfaction and carers also find benefits. The Newham WSD project has produced videos in which patients describe the difference it has made to their lives – reduced visits to the GP for routine tests; reassurance as they can take action if any of their observations are out of line and trained staff who monitor the telehealth system and follow up when there are problems.
There are many AT products used by social services to help older, frail people to stay safely in their own homes for as long as possible. AT can help people, for example with early stage dementia by reminding them to take their medicine, turn off a pan burning on the stove, or take their keys with them when they go out. They enable people with a history of falls to return home from hospital and avoid moving into residential care prematurely because if they fall, an alarm is triggered. Alarms connect to a local authority call centre or alert a carer living in the same property. There is an emergency response (a visit or a phone call) to those living alone to check they are safe.
AT helps people with long term conditions understand their condition better through self monitoring and education. For example someone with diabetes and heart problems may experience a sudden drop in their blood pressure. Through daily monitoring of their blood pressure, blood sugar and oxygen levels they know better when to take action when these are unusual. This gives the patient greater confidence and helps take pressure off carers. Clinical staff monitor trends in observations remotely and can offer reassurance or a visit if there is a sudden or unexplained change in readings. Newham WSD has written and video case studies from their trial. [xxiv]
In some cases we anticipate that patients will be long term users of AT. In other cases it is a transitional form of support. Including an AT trial as part of the feasibility study will help us to get patients and clinicians’ views about the most effective use of the technology for patients locally.
6. What steps have been taken to ensure that all members of the target group identified earlier have equal access to the benefits of the project?
The Telepathways board and the project team are committed to ensuring that the development of the telehealth and telemedicine solutions recognises and takes account of the diverse and deprived nature of the population of Lambeth. This is integral to the project
7. How many staff and/or patients will benefit?
The feasibility study will test out the use of AT using 40 telehealth units. These will support more than 40 patients at home. We assume about 20 will be used with the same patient for the 9 months, 20 will be rotated between at least 2 patients and so we aim to introduce telehealth to at least 60 patients their carers and the acute, community and primary care teams looking after them. Up to fifty staff will be involved in the project.
8. Justification of the costs requested
The proposed costings have been developed in conjunction with and approved by the Director of Finance at LCH. |